Pathways for female same-sex couples
Donor sperm IUI or IVF is the most common path; reciprocal IVF (ROPA) — where one partner provides eggs and the other carries the pregnancy — allows both partners a biological connection to the process.
Pathways for male same-sex couples
Typically require donor eggs and a gestational carrier. Colombia is permitted for surrogacy through court precedent (Colombian courts have authorized gestational surrogacy arrangements case by case, under the T-968/2009 line of rulings) — this is meaningfully different from surrogacy being broadly "legal" in the sense of a specific statute, and the distinction matters for setting accurate expectations.
Pathways for single parents
Donor sperm or donor egg IVF, depending on the individual's specific situation, following largely the same clinical process as any IVF cycle.
Legal considerations worth understanding upfront
Parentage recognition, donor/surrogate legal frameworks, and eventual documentation for bringing a child home all vary by country and situation — involve a family law professional familiar with cross-border reproductive law alongside your medical planning via colombianivf.com.
The Takeaway
Multiple established pathways exist — involve both medical and legal expertise early, since parentage and documentation considerations are as important as the clinical process itself.